PolicyRegulatory ActionJune 9, 2026

Plume CBO: Terrestrial Broadband Subsidies Critical for Hybrid Connectivity Future

SpaceX is advocating for the FCC to cease $4.5 billion in rural broadband subsidies, arguing Starlink's expanded coverage makes them redundant. However, an expert opinion article contends that defunding terrestrial broadband would hinder the development of hybrid connectivity essential for modern streaming and digital applications, which require low latency and consistent performance beyond what satellite alone can provide.

Key Takeaways

SpaceX seeks to end $4.5 billion in rural broadband subsidies, asserting Starlink's reach makes them redundant.
Plume CBO Dave Wechsler argues that modern broadband demands low latency, sustained throughput, and consistency under load, which terrestrial networks provide.
Wechsler advocates for a 'hybrid connectivity' model where satellites ensure availability in isolated areas, and terrestrial infrastructure handles performance-critical use cases.
Defunding terrestrial buildout could create 'single-provider dependency' in underserved areas, limiting economic and digital participation.
A diverse, hybrid infrastructure is presented as a national security issue, offering robustness against failure and single-point disruption.

Why It Matters

The debate over rural broadband subsidies highlights a critical tension between universal access and performance requirements for advanced applications, including streaming. While satellite internet offers wide availability, its latency and consistency may not meet the demands of edge compute and AI-assisted services. The FCC's decision will shape the trajectory of rural digital infrastructure for decades, impacting economic opportunity and potentially national security through network diversity. Stakeholders should monitor FCC regulatory proposals and funding allocations to understand the future balance between satellite and terrestrial broadband deployment.

Additional Context

The FCC's High-Cost program, which annually allocates approximately $4.5 billion, is undergoing a reevaluation influenced by the growing role of satellite internet. In May 2026, the FCC adopted a proposed rulemaking to assess if LEO satellite broadband serves as a sufficient substitute for terrestrial infrastructure in hard-to-reach areas, and whether continued land-based deployment constitutes "overbuilding" (per The Daily Yonder, May 2026). This inquiry was launched days after SpaceX's Joseph Bissonnette met with FCC commissioners to advocate for phasing out High-Cost programs. The FCC's proposal also raises questions about satellite broadband performance regarding affordability, latency, reliability, and long-term capacity compared to terrestrial networks.

While the BEAD program was restructured to allow for satellite broadband consideration, recent Ookla data from Q4 2025 indicates only 44.7% of Starlink customers in the US met the 100/20 Mbps speed target, although this was an increase from 17.4% in Q1 2025. Starlink's own disclosures show download speeds between 45-280 Mbps and upload speeds of 10-30 Mbps, with latency from 25-60ms, which can be insufficient for real-time, bandwidth-intensive applications (per The Daily Yonder, May 2026). Pricing is also a factor, with Starlink plans ranging from $80-$120 per month, and recent price increases by $5-$10 across several plans. This has led the FCC to examine if satellite pricing could become a policy concern in areas where it becomes the primary option. SpaceX anticipates a major capacity expansion with third-generation satellites launching later in 2026, projected to increase download capacity ten-fold (per The Daily Yonder, May 2026).

The FCC had also adopted changes in April 2026 to satellite spectrum sharing rules, aiming to increase usable capacity. The debate over these subsidies and regulatory approaches is evolving rapidly, with a significant impact on rural broadband access and technology choices. (per Broadband Breakfast, May 2026).

Read full article at broadbandbreakfast.com